Cardiff School of History, Archaeology and Religion

Keir Waddington, An Introduction to the Social History of Medicine: Europe since 1500 (Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2012)

Abstract - The history of medicine has grown as a discipline and in popularity over the last two decades. In the process it has changed its scope and nature. Traditional interests in surgery, medical theories, epidemics and professionalization remain, but attention has shifted away from a history of ‘great men’ and advances to favour a more problematized understanding that also seeks to scrutinize the social and cultural roles medicine and medical practitioners have played. An Introduction to the Social History of Medicine provides a guide to the major debates, themes and approaches that have influenced the social history of medicine in Europe from 1500 to the present. It brings together specialized knowledge on key themes and topics with new ways of thinking about the social history of medicine in a study that seeks to encourage students question about existing orthodoxies and to engage in further study.
http://www.palgrave.com/products/title.aspx?pid=270433

Keir Waddington, The Bovine Scourge: Meat, Tuberculosis and Public Health, 1850-1914 (Woodford: Boydell Press, 2006)

Abstract - By the late 1890s, the question of bovine tuberculosis (TB) and infected meat had become one of national importance, reflecting a national sense of fear. Although the extent of the threat to health proved uncertain, bovine TB had come to stand at the centre of debates about diseased meat and public health. The anxiety it caused was part of a longer story, linked to concern over food safety, changes in how tuberculosis was understood, and to worries over diseased meat and the 'evils' of the urban meat trade. The Bovine Scourge explores the debates and fears that came to surround bovine TB, meat and public health between the 1860s and 1914. It traces how diseased meat and bovine TB emerged as a public health issue, examines the measures adopted to protect the public, and addresses how by the Edwardian era milk had become the major source of concern in discussion of bovine TB. It also raises important questions about the history of food safety, the concerns generated by diseased meat, and the role of the public health and veterinary profession in preventing the sale of contaminated food.
http://www.boydellandbrewer.com/store/viewitem.asp?idproduct=7226

Keir Waddington, Medical Education at St Bartholomew's Hospital, 1123-1995 (Woodford: Boydell Press, 2003)

Abstract - Education at St Bartholomew's Hospital traces the evolution of medical education at Barts from its foundation in 1123 to the college's merger with The London and Queen Mary & Westfield College in 1995. Drawing on the hospital's rich archives, it investigates how training was institutionalised and organised at Barts to explore the shifting nature of medical education between the eighteenth and late-twentieth century. Medical Education at St Bartholomew's Hospital, in analysing the history of the medical college at Barts, explores the relationship between clinical study, science and the institution to look at the rise of the hospital student, the growth of laboratory medicine, and the evolution of a research culture. It places the changing nature of training at Barts in the context of metropolitan and national developments to analyse the structure of medical training, the University of London and its impact on medical education, and the experiences of the students and staff. Questions are asked about how academic medicine developed and about the relationship between training, the bedside, teaching hospitals and the politics of healthcare and higher education. In looking at these areas, existing notions of the 'development' of medical education are problematised to provide a study that explores the nature of medical education at Barts and in London.
http://www.boydellandbrewer.com/store/viewitem.asp?idproduct=10174

Keir Waddington, Charity and the London Hospitals, 1850-1898 (Woodford: Boydell Press, 2000)

Abstract - The 1890s Victorians assumed that London's hospitals were facing an endemic financial crisis which was so severe that some feared the state might have to intervene to support an ailing voluntary system: charity both underpinned London's hospitals and proved insufficient to meet the ever-increasing cost of care, despite the ability of those running the hospitals to pick the pockets of the benevolent. Charity and the London Hospitals takes these themes to study the development of the hospital as an economic, medical, and voluntary institution in the second half of the nineteenth century. Drawing on a comparative study of hospital records, the author investigates how and why Victorians contributed to show that benevolence was rarely amenable to a single form or reason, moving on to argue that though it remained central to the hospitals' raison d'etre, philanthropy's contribution was modified at a financial and administrative level as hospitals shifted from being philanthropic to medical institutions. Why this process occurred and the impact of professionalisation and scientific medicine are also assessed, as are the debates surrounding hospitals and the state at the end of the nineteenth century.

Jonathan Andrews, Asa Briggs, Roy Porter, Penny Tucker and Keir Waddington (1997) History of Bethlem 1247-1993. Routledge.

Abstract - Bethlem Hospital, popularly known as "Bedlam", is a unique institution. Now seven hundred and fifty years old, it has been continuously involved in the care of the mentally ill in London since at least the 1400s. As such it has a strong claim to be the oldest foundation in Europe with an unbroken history of sheltering and treating the mentally disturbed. During this time, Bethlem has transcended locality to become not only a national and international institution, but in many ways, a cultural and literary myth. The History of Bethlem is a scholarly history of this key establishment by distinguished authors. Based upon extensive research of the hospital's archives, the book looks at Bethlem's role within the caring institutions of London and Britain, and provides a long overdue re-evaluation of its place in the history of psychiatry.

Refereed Articles

‘The Dangerous Sausage: Diet, meat and disease in Victorian and Edwardian Britain’, Cultural and Social History 8:1 (2011), 51-71

‘More like cooking than science: Narrating the Inside of the laboratory, Britain 1880-1914’, Journal of Literature and Science 3.1 (2010), 50-70

‘"To stamp out “so terrible a malady”: Bovine tuberculosis and tuberculin testing in Britain, 1890-1939’, Medical History 48 (2004), 29-48

 ‘“Unfit for Human Consumption”: Tuberculosis and the Problem of Infected Meat in Late-Victorian Britain’, Bulletin of the History of Medicine77 (2003), 636-61

‘Subscribing to a Democracy? Management and the Voluntary Ideology of the London Hospitals, 1850-1900’, English Historical Review 118 (2003), 357-79

‘Mayhem and Medical Students: Image, Conduct and Control in the Victorian and Edwardian London Teaching Hospital’, Social History of Medicine 15 (2002), 45-64

‘”The Science of Cows”: Meat, Bovine Tuberculosis and the British State 1880-1911’, History of Science 39 (2001), 355-81

‘”Leaders of Educational Purpose”: Foundations of Academic Medicine’, Medical Education (2000), 1032-35

‘“Unsuitable Cases”: The Debate Over Outpatient Admissions, the Medical Profession and the Late-Victorian London Hospitals’, Medical History 42 (1998), 26-46

 ‘The Nursing Dispute at Guy’s Hospital’, Social History of Medicine, 8 (1995), 211-30

‘“Bastard Benevolence”: Voluntarism, Centralisation and the Sunday Fund’, London Journal 19 (1995), 151-67

Chapters in Edited Collections

‘Mad and Coughing Cows: Bovine Tuberculosis, BSE and health in Twentieth Century Britain’ in David Cantor (ed.), Meat, medicine and human health in the twentieth century (Pickering and Chatto, 2010), 159-77

“Not for ourselves, but for the others”: Die Rhetorik der Wohltätigkeit und der sozialen Zurschaustellung’ [‘“Not for ourselves, but for the others”: The Rhetoric of Charity and social display’] in Rainer Liedtke & Klaus Weber (Hg.), Religion und Philanthropie in den europäischen Zivilgesellschaften. Entwicklungen im 19. und 20. Jahrhundert (Munchen: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2009), 55-71

‘Paying for the Sick Poor: Financing a Poor Law Workhouse’, in Sally Sheard (ed.), Financing British Medicine (London: Routledge, 2006), 95-111

‘Hotbeds of Bohemianism? Teaching Hospitals, Clinical Care and the Patient, 1800-1914’, in Andresen, Tore Grønlie, and Svein Atle Skålevåg (eds), Hospitals, Patients and Medicine 1800–2000 (Bergen: Rokkan Centre, 2005), 79-91

‘Health and Medicine’, in Chris Williams (ed.), Blackwell Companion to Nineteenth Century Britain (London: Blackwell, 2004), 412-29

‘The Elephant Man’, Colin Blackmore and Shelia Janett (eds), Oxford Companion to the Body (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001)

‘Enemies Within: Postwar Bethlem and the Maudsley’, in Marijke Gijswijt-Hofstra and Roy Porter (eds), Culture of Psychiatry and Mental Health Care in Postwar Britain and the Netherlands (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1998), 185-202

‘“Grasping Gratitude”: Hospitals and Charity in Late-Victorian London’, in Martin Daunton (ed.), Charity, Self-interest and Welfare in the English Past (London: UCL Press, 1996), 181-202

Other Publications

‘General Paralysis of the Insane’ with Martin Willis and Rhys Thomas, Practical Neurology (2012)

articles on ‘John Abernethy’, ‘Thomas Lauder Brunton’, Archibald Edward Garrod’, ‘Samuel Gee’, ‘William Lawrence’ and ‘James Paget’ in W. F. Bynum and Helen Bynum (eds), Dictionary of Medical Biography (Westport, CT: Greenwood, 2006)

‘Influenza’, ‘Fabians’, ‘Medicine 1900-1950’, ‘Politics’, ‘Annotated Bibliography on Women’s History’, in Faye Hammill, Esme Miskimmin and Ashlie Sponenberg (eds), Encyclopaedia of British Women's Writing, 1900-1950 (London: Palgrave, 2006)

‘Dangerous Cows: New views on meat and disease’, Viewpoint article, History compass, 2004 (1)

‘Safe meat and healthy animals: BSE and Bovine TB’, http://www-histpol.hist.cam.ac.uk/archive/policy-paper-04.html   

Forthcoming

'Introduction' with Markus Ruber and Steven Schachter (eds), The Borderland of Epilepsy Revisited (OUP, 2012)

‘Stereotypy’ with Mike Kerr and Rose Thompson for Markus Ruber and Steven Schachter (eds), The Borderland of Epilepsy Revisited (OUP, 2012)

‘"It might not be a nuisance in a country cottage": Sanitary conditions and images of health in Victorian rural Wales', Rural History (2012)

'“We don’t want any German sausages here!” Food, fear and the German nation in Victorian and Edwardian Britain', Journal of British Studies (2013)

'Dying Scientifically: Anti-vivisection, Medicine and the Gothic', Journal of Victorian Culture